Since the 1970s, there has been an ongoing challenge regarding the security of computer systems: fast forward to the present the underpinning memory access architecture remains unchanged despite well documented vulnerabilities and flaws.

The results speak for themselves: 300 million+ of devices globally were subject to ransomware in 2021, principally hitting healthcare providers. With cybersecurity breaches costing businesses an average of £8,460, they also impact the lives of users. The 2017 Wannacry ransomware attack, for example, affected a third of NHS trusts and led to the cancellation of approximately 7,000 appointments – while in 2018, some 40,000 Ticketmaster customers had their credit card details stolen.

Extend this to delivery of the billions of devices anticipated in the realisation of the Internet of Things, and impacts of cyber vulnerability become really scary. Such attacks are typically a result of bad system management or, increasingly more, due to a bug in software being used as a gateway into a system and its data.